What about the botnets?!

Botnets are a huge problem for a number of reasons. Not only are they used to send spam, they’re also used in criminal activities. One of the major challenges in dealing with botnets is finding and stopping the people who create and use them. Why? Because the internet is global and crime tends to be prosecuted within local jurisdictions.

White Collar Crime.
Catching someone running a botnet, or involved in crime online in general, requires cooperation from authorities in multiple jurisdictions. Police, lawyers, and other officials have had to create relationships to work together, all while respecting international law. It’s a involved and complicated process, and that’s before we talk about the challenges in actually figuring out who is running the botnet. Subject matter experts, like operating system manufacturers or anti-virus companies, are also part of the process in most cases. (Read about the Simda botnet takedown at Interpol)
Despite the challenges, botnets do get taken down and criminals do get arrested and brought to justice. Today the Department of Justice announced a guilty plea from a Russian citizen charged with infecting machines with malware.

Senakh and his co-conspirators used the Ebury botnet to generate and redirect internet traffic in furtherance of various click-fraud and spam e-mail schemes, which fraudulently generated millions of dollars in revenue. As part of the plea, Senakh admitted that he supported the criminal enterprise by creating accounts with domain registrars which helped build the Ebury botnet infrastructure and personally profited from traffic generated by the Ebury botnet.

Ebury is kinda interesting because it’s actually a Linux botnet, not a Windows one. It used a SSH exploit to get in, stole user credentials and then smuggled the credentials out in special TCP packets. CERT-BUND has some of the gritty technical details of what they discovered. And WeLiveSecurity also has a writeup on how the infection worked.
Botnets are a problem. Catching people is a long, drawn out challenge. But, it can be done.

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Anti-Botnet Code of Conduct Published

The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council (CSRIC) published a Anti-botnet code of conduct for ISPs. This is a purely voluntary code for U.S. ISPs that want to mitigate the botnet threat to follow. You can download a full copy of the final report from the MAAWG website. The FCC has published a fact sheet about the report on their own website.

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Electronic records outside US not covered by US warrants

The 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against the Government today in US Government vs. Microsoft. The government is investigating a drug dealer and want access to records held by Microsoft. Microsoft turned over metadata stored on US machines. But they refused to turn over the specific emails stored on machines in Dublin. The company’s position is that the federal government needs to follow the rules of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty between the US and Ireland.
This has been winding its way through the appeals court.
The court’s ruling today states “§ 2703 of the Stored Communications Act does not authorize courts to issue and enforce against U.S.‐based service providers warrants for the seizure of customer e‐mail content that is stored exclusively on foreign servers.”
An interesting ruling, and I see pros and cons to the ruling. It does complicate anti-spam enforcement a bit and make it easier for criminals to hide their data overseas while they might be in the US. But it’s already easy for them to do that. Many arrests of spam gangs and others for crimes committed on the Internet over email involve multiple law enforcement agencies across the world.
Full text of the ruling (.pdf link)

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Anatomy of a successful phishing attempt

Earlier this year the Exploratorium was the victim of a phishing attack. They’ve posted an article on what happened and how they discovered and dealt with the issue.
But they didn’t just report on the attack, they dissected it. And, as is appropriate for a organization with a mission of education, they mapped out what they discovered during the investigation.

There are a couple of things that stand out to me about this attack. One is that of the more interesting pieces to me is that there was a delay between the compromise and the start of the attack. The Exploratorium calls it “the pivot” and describes it as the hacker deciding what to do next. The second is that the phisher actively interacted with the victim’s account. All new mail was sent to the trash automatically so she wouldn’t see incoming mail. Some mail was actively replied to so more people would click on the message. The phisher took steps to retain access to the account for as long as possible.
One thing that the Exploratorium didn’t see was any actual access to Exploratorium files or information. That may be because the Exploratorium itself wasn’t the target. Once a phisher / hacker has access to the email account, they have access to almost everything in your online life: calendars, bank accounts, credit accounts, the list goes on. Email addresses are our online identity and getting access to the address can open access to so much more.
Quite frankly it can happen to any of us. Earlier this week we received a phishing message that looked very plausible. It came from a law firm, mentioned a subpoena and even had an attachment personalized to our company. The attachment wasn’t opened so we were fine, but I can see how that kind of email might trick someone into getting infected.
We all need to be careful online. Email is a wonderful thing, but it’s insecure. It’s a great way for criminals to get into our space and wreck havoc on our computers and our lives.
 

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